Practical Tips For Positive Thinking Essay - 2410 Words

Practical Tips For Positive Thinking - Positivity Can Be Learned - By Jinjee Talifero Aug 4, 2011 Why Positivity Can Be Learned Wouldn t it be nice to always - or mostly - have positive thoughts? We have to live inside our heads a large part of our waking life. Granted, when we are working, playing, exercising, or socializing in any way -- relating to family, friends, co-workers, etc...we are taken outside of ourselves, out of our heads, and our own mind-chatter is less present. And these activities are a great way to reduce our mind-chatter when we are feeling negative, and they can lead to a total turn-around too. But when we are on our own we mostly live inside out heads. And often the inner life in there is not all pleasant. We spend a lot of time in anger, anxiety, strife, worry, fear, negativity, arguments, sadness, brooding, drama, etc... Instead, we could be planning, dreaming, thinking creative thoughts, having realizations, insights, and breakthroughs, having thoughts of gratitude, enjoyment, fun. We could be experiencing the moment in awe, wonder, enthusiasm, excitement, and feeling waves of passion, ecstasy, and bliss. Yes, these are all valid ways of being, these are all attainable inner states. Beautifying Your Inner Landscape How do we attain such beautiful inner landscapes? Like outer landscapes, they can be cultivated. Some landscapes are born beautiful. Others need a little cultivation. How Do We Cultivate a Positive Inner Terrain How do weShow MoreRelatedShort Note On Time Management990 Words   |  4 Pagesprocrastinate, do not understand the assignment, or just do not try as hard as I should on that particular assignment thus getting a D on it. However, worrying about the grade and crying over it will not help you do it right the next time and has no positive outcome. Going over steps and figuring out what you did wrong is guaranteed to prepare you for your next test or important paper and earn you a good grade. Studying, taking notes, asking questions, and completing the assignment a few days beforeRead MoreCritical Success Factors in Debating1515 Words   |  6 Pageslevel, it is believed that the success is ensured by a combination of team effort and good public speaking skills. 2. Team effort As part of the educational process, the debate over the single gender schools versus the co-ed schools in creating positive educational environments, the first step was represented by the creation of teams, particularly one team to argue in favor of the single gender schools ability to create more favorable educational environments, and one team to argue the oppositeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book By Dale Carnegie908 Words   |  4 Pagesexplain how as a person in a leadership position, part of your job is not only to become a better leader, but also a better person in general. In order to achieve the results you want from your team, you must be a positive influence to those around you. Dale Carnegie’s book is full of helpful tips and stories to make your job as a manager easier. The book is divided into four main parts; each part explaining a different set of principles. Part One of the book explains fundamental techniques in handlingRead MoreThe Power of Good Listening Skills Essay908 Words   |  4 Pagesabilities. Listening is often quoted by Richard Branson among the primary elements behind the success. Powerful listening is a skill that underpins all human relationships that are favorable, spend some time developing your listening abilities and thinking about - theyre the building blocks. http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/business-career/public-speaking/how-to-improve-listening-skills Assertiveness means standing up for the personal rights - expressing feelings, ideas and ideas in direct, fair andRead MoreThe Mental Growth Of A Person1588 Words   |  7 Pagesrealistic, to be in touch with reality and guided by facts. To accept responsibility for self and one‘s own life. To be willing to examine one‘s beliefs, prejudices and assumptions in the light of facts and one‘s own experiences and change one‘s thinking, awareness, behavior and understanding accordingly, To be guided by reason rather than emotions, to be able to distinguish the difference between the two and also at the same time accommodate one‘s feelings and emotions appropriately and intelligentlyRead MoreWhat Makes a Good Parent1404 Words   |  6 Pagesordinary people into good parents? Panic overtook me and I felt an overwhelming desire to rush to the local bookstore to purchase loads of parenting books and magazines to learn how to become a good parent or call to my mom. But, after thorough thinking I looked at the problem with fresh mind. First of all it’s quite normal to wonder how good a parent you are. Perhaps youre worried that going out to work or being a lone parent will affect your child (if the situation is such). You may worry aboutRead MoreThe Luncheon1044 Words   |  5 Pagesluncheon at Foyot, a place for the elite s, indicates her rudeness. The narrator s first impression about this woman was her having more teeth, white and large even, than were necessary for any practical purpose, being talkative and imposing rather than attractive - neither favorable nor positive. The woman says repeatedly that she prefers simple and light meals, I never eat anything for luncheon. I never eat more than one thing. I never drink anything for luncheon. but turns out toRead MoreThe Effects Of Emotions On The Workplace Essay1465 Words   |  6 Pagesreaction to an event that can cause a positive or negative feeling (Bauer Erdogan, 2012). These experienced emotions can influence a person’s openness to advice or criticism, whether he or she decides to quit a job, or affect how he or she performs individually or within a group. Positive emotions in the workplace, such as joy or surprise, can result from completing a challenging project and receiving high praise from upper management. A company can benefit from positive emotions since these people areRead MoreTeam Essay example1083 Words   |  5 Pagesan objective summary? There are usually plenty of people around who are ready and willing to give you their opinions on this. Unfortunately, this information is often conveyed in a manner that causes resentment and animosity. For feedback to be positive and growth-inspiring, it has to be delivered properly, with enough attention being paid to how the receiver is going to perceive and process it. To learn more on giving feedback, see our articles on Giving and Receiving Feedback , The GROW ModelRead MoreEssay Coaching Exercise Reflection1469 Words   |  6 PagesNevertheless, being aware that this wouldn’t be the best attitude to start this new activity, I decided to update my coaching schema and allow this experience reshape it and add new self fulfilling features to it. Therefore, I prepared my self mentally by thinking on the most behavioral skill I would like to be coached on-writing journals- and we started. We started with me being the first coachee and Hanna being the coach. Hanna would be coached by Ramy afterwards and finally, he would be coached by me

Latin Literature In History Essay - 1193 Words

Latin Literature in History nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Greek literature was one of the numerous Greek accomplishments from which Romans drew immense influence. The Romans picked up first on the Greek embrace of rhetoric, which became an educational standard, given that a man’s rhetoric, his ability to â€Å"push the buttons† of the subject audience by way of speeches, supplemented the man’s rise to political power. But as rhetoric began to diminish from Roman daily life following Rome’s imperialization, identical persuasive technique began to show itself in Roman literature. But Greek themes were just a backbone in Roman literature, and as time, progressed, Rome established a unique literary style, which, alongside Greek Literature, had†¦show more content†¦Caesar with detailed accounts of the Gallic and civil wars, and Sallust writing history as well, noted for brilliant descriptions of people and their motives. A new kind of writing called lyric poetry also sprung to life in this period. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The rule of the emperor Augustus marked the beginning of a new more comfortable, more peaceful era for the people known as the Pax Romana. This bright new lifestyle also brightened their way of viewing life, and is evident in much of the period’s flowering literature. Augustus also actively encouraged writers, and they loved him and the peace he had secured. Virgil, one of the great champions of poetry at that time, was pleased by many of the simple things in life, as shown in his observant and beautiful descriptions of country life. But his ultimate achievement was his epic poem â€Å"The â€Å"Aeneid†, a final draft telling of the legend of Rome’s ancestor Aeneas, which also interwove Romulus into the tale, crediting both myths. The poem is a characterization of the celebration of Rome’s prosperity and glory. Although it’s full completion was interrupted by Virgil’s untimely death; some critics regard it as the greatest work of Latin liter ature in existence. It was kept in Roman temples and when opened to a random page the verse viewed was interpreted as a prophecy. In the Middle Ages, people interpreted the book as a prophecy of the coming of Jesus, and thoughtShow MoreRelatedHistory And Latin American Literature1873 Words   |  8 PagesMany works in Latin American literature can be attributed to the multitude of historical events that transpired within the overtake of the Latin American continent by the Spanish. This interplay between Latin American literature and history gave rise to different movements as well as different styles of writing that the world had not really experienced before. When one is examining the relationship between history and Latin American Literature, it is important to chronologically analyze its materializationRead MoreEssay about Latin Literature in History1232 Words   |  5 PagesLatin Literature in History Greek literature was one of the numerous Greek accomplishments from which Romans drew immense influence. The Romans picked up first on the Greek embrace of rhetoric, which became an educational standard, given that a mans rhetoric, his ability to push the buttons of the subject audience by way of speeches, supplemented the mans rise to political power. But as rhetoric began to diminish from Roman daily life following Romes imperialization, identicalRead MoreThe Origins of Vernacular Language and Its Spread1463 Words   |  6 PagesFrench, Italian, Portuguese, and etc. INTRODUCTION Before the twelfth century, Latin was the major language that was used for literature and among the educated. The findings of Latin were influenced by other native languages which included those of Celtic languages, Greek, and Etruscan (University of Calgary, 1996). The Latin language was consistently developed due to the fact there were significant differences during each period. These differences includedRead More The History and Theory of Magical Realism Essay1217 Words   |  5 PagesThe History and Theory of Magical Realism      Ã‚  Ã‚   Fantasy, Magical, Supernatural, Sublime, and Realism are all several genres of literature that may be familiar to many people. However, there may be one that is not as well-known as these: Magical Realism. Although Magical Realism is mostly common in the Latin American countries, one may wonder where and how Magical Realism got its start. On the other hand, one may simply wonder what some of the characteristics of Magical Realism are. By lookingRead MoreEssay about The History and Theory of Magical Realism1057 Words   |  5 PagesThe History and Theory of Magical Realism Magical Realism is one of todays most popular subjects in literature to discuss regarding its history and theory of Magical Realism. It began in the Latin culture and now is known word wide for its attributes. Magical Realism is even rivaling some of the great masterpieces of modern and past literature. Someday Magical Realism will be recognized and respected just as the classics are today. Magical Realism supposedly began in 1935 with its goldenRead MoreWriters And Editors On Canovista Restoration Essay1385 Words   |  6 Pagesand it is from that time that writing and literature thus begins in the social life of all mankind, it is not enough to say, that it is through literature that we can know what everything that had happened in centuries ago. However, while reading a book, or any other text, we find not only fragments of history, but also with a number of positions of the authors about current issues, including politics. The political relationship - is evident in literature politics, as writer Pascual Martinez as inRead More The Boom in Latin American Literature Essay examples987 Words   |  4 PagesThe Boom in Latin American Literature Simply defined, the Boom refers to the period in Latin American literature in which a number of writers achieved international acclaim for their work. It is primarily associated with the novel, although a few of the Boom writers were recognized for work in other forms as well. The Boom was in full swing throughout the 1960s and the early seventies, though precursors to the Boom, most notably Jorge Luis Borges, were internationally known as early as theRead MoreA Marvelous Journey of Return in The Kingdom of This World by Alejo Carpentier 1224 Words   |  5 PagesA Marvelous Journey of Return The Kingdom of This World by Alejo Carpentier is the author’s journey of return to his Latin American root. He tries to decipher the myths and complexity of African identity and achieves it by opening up a new realm of interpretation and representation through literature work. In the novel, there are elements that can only come as a result of his experience of observing, questioning and criticizing, among which I think several are very noteworthy. First is Carpentier’sRead MoreVernacular Language Origins995 Words   |  4 PagesUniversity Abstract Until the sixteenth century Latin was known as the official language during the Middle Ages. Latin became less used as it was hard to read and to understand but through Latin the Vernacular language was created. Before the sixteenth century all textbooks and even the Bible were written in Latin creating a great diversity between the upper crust of society and the common people. When the Vernacular language was adapted from Latin and everyday people started learning to read andRead MoreA Study Of Latin American History1308 Words   |  6 Pagesand trends Caribbean Many often consider the study of Latin American history or subjects like race to show that Much of Latin American historical studies are comparative. Many of the Latin American countries have their own history but share similar cultural conductions concerning race. The history of race relations in Latin America has become a central theme in a fair amount of scholarly activities. This in turn has made the historiography of Latin America to become much more relevant when looking at

The Cause and Effects of Global Issue Free Essays

string(156) " patients with CVD reached 230 million in 2008, which means that 2 in 10 adults are suffering from cardiovascular disease \(The Ministry of Health, 2010\)\." The cause and effects of global issue Because of the development of technology, which people use to treat diseases, the deaths caused by communicable disease are decreasing all over the world. However, the deaths of Non-communicable diseases increase. Non-communicable diseases such as Diabetes, Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancer, which are caused mainly by the bad lifestyle result in the burden to the global economy and caused many deaths in the whole world. We will write a custom essay sample on The Cause and Effects of Global Issue or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this essay, firstly, the causes and effects of Diabetes will be introduced. Secondly, those things of CVD will be demonstrated. Finally, the Cancer’s cause and effect will be discussed. Diabetes is a quite widespread disease, which is caused by the lack of an important hormone called insulin. However, researches show that people who exercise less, insobriety and smoke more possibly get this disease and these factors are the primary causes of this disease (Colditz 1990, Helmrich 1991, Lynch 1996, Manson 2000, Ajani 2000). Because of the spread of this disease, people all over the world were greatly affected and it mainly includes three aspects. Above all, diabetes widely affects our health and daily life. Up to now, it’s still hard to cure diabetes. Diabetes has an excessive morbidity. DIABETES UK (2010) estimates that in 2009, 2. 6 million people in the UK were found to have diabetes and it predicted that the number would increase to 4 million people by 2025. Not only, in the UK, diabetes is also a big problem in the US. In a research (2011) shows that 25. 8 million people in the United States suffered diabetes, which represents 8. 3 percent of the total population. In other developing countries, the situation is even more difficult. In addition to the extremely high rate, diabetes always leads to other diseases like heart disease, High blood pressure, blindness, kidney disease, nervous system disease. In 2004, 68 percent of people older than 65 who were died from heart disease turned out to have relationship with diabetes (2011). From the year 2005 to 2008, 67 percent of people who suffered diabetes have greater blood pressure than the equal level (2011). Besides, diabetes is the leading factor of factors of blindness. In 2008, a total of 20290 people were living on kidney disease in the United States. Most of them have the history of diabetes. What’s more, about 60% to 70% of people with diabetes have a tendency of developing into nervous system disease (2011). Finally, it is also an economic issue to both governments and individual. ‘The Cost of Diabetes in Europe-Type 2 study’ is the first coordinated attempt to measure total healthcare costs of Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Europe. It evaluated more than 7000 patients with Diabetes in eight countries which shows that the total costs of diabetes were estimated at the EUR 29 billion a year(Jonsson,2004). It has the same situation in other countries all over the world. In Canada for 1998, the economic burden of diabetes was likely to between $4. 76 and $5. 23 billion(Keith, 1998). In Sweden, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is about 3%-4% of the population. The economic burden of diabetes is estimated at 5746 MSEK in1994. (Jonsson, 1983) CVD are the most common complication of diabetes: diabetes causes the microscopic blood vessels of the heart which brings myocardial necrosis. In addition, it also causes atherosclerotic which contributes to coronary heart disease. Myocardial necrosis and heart disease both are a kind of CVD (Goldberg, 2000). Not only are CVD caused by diabetes, but also both of them have something in common. It shows clearly the connection between CVD and unhealthy lifestyle as diabetes does (Wright, Douglas, Rahman, 2004). In other words, unhealthy lifestyle is the main factor of CVD. Unhealthy lifestyle is reflected in using of tobacco, unhealthy diet, lack of exercise and staying up late. On the one hand, with the development of social economy and the living standard improving, people have sufficient money to purchase tobacco. Consequently, tobacco is introduced into people’s life. It has an enormous negative effect on human’s health and is also one of incentives of CVD (Millett, Gray, Saxena, Netuveli, 2007). As another effect of society progress, diet style has changed a lot: people’s staple bread has changed into the high adipose and high protein instead of grain and vegetables (W. H. O. , 2005). Fat intake more than reasonable limit intake, which was the main factors of nutrition superfluous. Over nutrition causes overweight and obese people greatly increases. Overweight and obesity are the common risk factors of CVD (W. H. O. , 2005). On the other hand, the quick pace of city life produces lack of exercise and staying up late. Lack of exercise causes the obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia ( Furberg and Thune, 2003). It has been reported by Furberg and Thune (2003) the main risk factors of CVD are hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia and obesity. As a result of staying up late, people usually feel ill next day. Phillips (2005) explained the reason why people feel sick. It is because staying up late engenders endocrine disorders. In addition, endocrine disorders will cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which is one of CVD (Phillips, 2005). Although the decrease of the death rates from CVD appears in some part of western countries (Slattery, Jacobs, Nichaman, 1989), it is still one of the most serious threats to humans, especially among the seniors, in developed countries where medical equipment and technology is comparatively advanced(W. H. O. ,1993). That means the current state of CVD is not that positive as it seems to be. CVD is still one of the deadliest diseases in most parts of western world. Statistics demonstrate that More than 30% of deaths in the United States were caused by CVD (Pakenham, 2010). To make matters worse, the disease, which considered to be solely happening in the western world, now spread to the developing countries and is becoming a worldwide leading cause of death (W. H. O. , 2005). Take China as an example, the number of patients with CVD reached 230 million in 2008, which means that 2 in 10 adults are suffering from cardiovascular disease (The Ministry of Health, 2010). You read "The Cause and Effects of Global Issue" in category "Papers" As a whole, this kind of problem still remains a challenge for human beings (Pakenham, 2010). CVD not only causes large quantities of death, but also increases the enormous economic burden. People who have contracted this kind of diseases suffered unbearable cost pressure including expensive cost of drugs, of undertaking body examinations regularly and of surgery. In 2010 in China, as far as cardiovascular disease is concerned, the acute myocardial infarction costs Chinese society 1. 946 billion Yuan, while 6. 587 billion Yuan in intracranial bleeding and 9. 817 billion Yuan in cerebral infarction. (The Ministry of Health, 2010). According to China cardiovascular disease report(2010) despite of the fact of price changes, a respectively average annual growth rate of acute myocardial infarction, intracranial bleeding and cerebral infarction respect attained 34. 46%, 26. 85% and 31. 05% since 2004. China cardiovascular disease report (2010) stated that such a rapid growth of cost of CVD have a close connection with the rapid growth of the number of people and increases personal and national economic burden. Be similar to diabetes and CVD, the cancer spread very wide and quick and influence seriously. There are many factors, which can cause the increasing of Cancer. The main factor is the unhealthy lifestyle, such as alcohol abuse, inadequate diet, physical inactivity and tobacco’s use. Tobacco’s use, which has the biggest influence on human causes highest rate of cancer. The more and more use of tobacco causes the increasing of lung cancer, which has a high fatality rate. According to the J Natl Cancer Inst (1981), by far, the largest reliably known percentage is the 30% of current U. S. cancer deaths that are due to tobacco. On the other hand, the physical inactivity also causes the increasing of cancer, because the cancer is from the genic mutation. If people do fewer exercises, the more rate of genic mutation will be. So people will have a higher rate of getting cancer. Moreover, the pollution of environment causes the increasing of cancer too. It even can cause 37 forms of cancer (core-reading. No date) Because of the increasing of the cancer described above, it costs much money and influences the economy. This phenomenon not only occurs in developing countries but also in developed countries. According to the Boyle (2008), this is going to present an amazing problem at every level in every society worldwide. However, the influences in different countries are different. For example, the cost of cancer in the United States is less than 1. 73% of GDP but in the Hungary, which has a smaller population and domestic economy it is more than 3. 05% of GDP. (Global Health, 2010) This kind of difference between developing and developed countries is the result of the different degree of attention in the countries. In developing countries, the government pay more attention to the development of economy thus the control of cancer was ignored. Only when cancer becomes an evident disaster, the government will turn to treat it. However, it will cost more money, because the treatment costs more money than the prevention. The truth is that both developing and developed countries spend much money on cancer. The total economic impact of premature death and disability from cancer worldwide was $895 billion in 2008. This cost represents 1. 5 percent of the world’s gross domestic product (GDP). This economic toll from cancer is nearly 19 percent higher than heart disease, the second-leading cause of economic loss ($895 billion and $753 billion, respectively). (Global health, 2010) The high cost of cancer happened because the cancer has direct and indirect influences on the economy. The direct influences include the cost of treatment and prevention of cancer and the funds which be used in research of cancer. The indirectly influences is the decrease of the productivity, because there are no longer enough healthy adults who can work for the industry. Moreover, the death of cancer is more than any other disease, especially in the developing countries. People in Butler County are more likely to die from cancer than heart disease, counter to the trend seen nationally and across the region, according to Journal News’s examination. In some developing countries, the cancer death can equal or larger than 60% of the total death in there per year(Boyle,Levin,2008). In 2008, there were 12. 4 million new case of cancer diagnosed and 7. 6 million deaths from disease (Boyle,Levin,2008). There are a number of factors, which account for the increasing of Non-communicable diseases. However, the main factor is the bad lifestyle of people. On the other hand, the Non-communicable diseases cause many deaths and loss of global economy. It has been argued that there are three kinds of Non-communicable diseases, including Diabetes, CVD and Cancer, which play the important role in NCD. These three diseases caused by the bad lifestyle such as the lack of the exercise and the superfluous or unhealthy diet. Because of the increasing of the NCD, it cost a lot of government’s money to treat it and becomes a heavy burden to the global economy. All in all, the Non-communicable diseases as a global issue result in the burden with the global economy and cause many deaths in the whole world. References Colditz GA, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ,(1990)Weight as a risk factor for clinical diabetes in women. Am J Epidemiol Helmrich SP, Ragland DR, Leung RW, Paffenbarger RS Jr. Physical activity and reduced occurrence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1991 Lynch J, Helmrich SP, Lakka TA, et al. Moderately intense physical activities and high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness reduce risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in middle-aged men. Arch Intern Med 1996 Manson JE, Ajani UA, Liu S, Nathan DM, Hennekens CH. A prospective study of cigarette smoking and the incidence of diabetes mellitus among US male physicians. Am J Med 2000 Ajani UA, Hennekens CH, Spelsberg A, Manson JE. Alcohol consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among US male physicians. Arch Intern Med 2000 Data from the 2011 National Diabetes Fact Sheet (released Jan. 26, 2011) http://www. diabetes. org/diabetes-basics/diabetes-statistics/ Revealing the cost of Type II diabetes in Europe(B Jonsson – Diabetologia, 2002 – Springer) Goldberg, K. B. (2000) Risk factor CVD in diabetic patients modification for cardiac disease. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies JT Wright Jr, JG Douglas, M Rahman(1998)Prevention of cardiovascular disease in hypertensive patients with normal renal function, [online]Available at lt;http://www. ciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S0272638698003357 gt;(13/12/2011 15:27) Gerald B. Phillips(2005)Is Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease an Endocrinological Disorder? The Estrogen-Androgen Paradox, [online]Available at lt;http://jcem. endojournals. org/content/90/5/2708. shortgt; (13/12/2011 15:38) ML Slattery, DR Jacobs Jr and MZ Nichaman (1989)Leisure time physical activity and coronary heart disease death. The US Railroad Stu dy [online]Available at http://circ. ahajournals. org/content/79/2/304. short (13/12/2011 15:38) The Ministry of Health. (2010) China cardiovascular disease report, 21th Oct [online]Available at http://www. moh. gov. cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/mohbgt/s6717/201109/52995. htm(13/12/2011 15:39) world health organization report(2005) Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)not date [online]Available at http://www. who. int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs317/en/index. html (13/12/2011 15:41) Making connection Unit 1 reading 2 J Natl Cancer Inst, (1981) . The causes of cancer: quantitative estimates of avoidable risks of cancer in the United States today. online]Available atlt;http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/sites/entrez/7017215? dopt=Abstractamp;holding=f1000,f1000m,isrctngt; (13/12/2011 10:25) lt;lt;Core reading bookgt;gt; Cancer In Developing World(2010). [online]Available atlt;http://www. globalhealth. org/view_top. php3? id=1056gt;(13/12/2011 10:26) American Cancer Society,lnc. (2010),The Global Economic [online]Available atlt;http://www. globalhealth. org/images/pdf/2010_cancer_report. p dfgt; (13/12/2011 10:34) Boyle/ P, and Levin, B. World Cancer Report (2008), How to cite The Cause and Effects of Global Issue, Papers

Long-Term Safety and Function of RPE-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Annotated bibliography of Long-term safety and function of RPE from Human Embryonic Stem Cells in preclinical Models of Macular degeneration. Answer: Citation: Lu, B., Malcuit, C., Wang, S., Girman, S., Francis, P., Lemieux, L., Lanza, R. and Lund, R., 2009. Long?term safety and function of RPE from human embryonic stem cells in preclinical models of macular degeneration.Stem cells,27(9), pp.2126-2135. Introduction: Human ESCs are considered as a key resource of clinical studies, for replacing cells. Prior the further advancement of somatic cell nuclear transfer or induced pluripotent stem cell technology in the clinical field, eye diseases is the first hESC-derived therapies. Compromised function of retinal pigment epithelial cell may lead to deteriorated vision and photoreceptor loss in retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration. Instead of the fact that there is limited treatment options, implantation of RPE cells have shown sustained photoreceptor and control deterioration of visual function has been evident in animal model. Here authors used previously published RPE-derivation protocols for showing long-term functions using hESC-derived RPE in animal models of retinal degeration and stargardt. According to the protocol, authors attempted to prepare for clinical application and testing for safety and efficacy in several different animal and in vitro models. Authors also investigated if vision can be rescued in the mouse model used for the STGD disease, which is an early form of macular dystrophy. Methodology: 79 pigmented dystrophic RCS rats and 28 ELOVL4 mice were used for the main experiment, whereas 45 NIH III immune nude mice were used for safety study. Experiments were done according to the guidelines provided by the NIH regarding the care and animal model for experimental procedures and ARVO statement for using animals in Ophthalmic and vision research. According to the doses, the mice group received, these were divided into five groups. Two groups were added for further comparison, with two different dosages. The experimental and control group animals were maintained under 12 hour light/dark cycle. Authors performed a Real time PCR with the extracted RNA from the differentiated hESC cells into Mature RPE cells. For gene profiling, microarray and western blot analysis was done. Then transplantation, spatial visual acuity and luminance thresholds were also measures. Results: The differentiated cells survived the transplantation in RCS rats for a long period and sustained the visual function. Cells also sustained the receptor integrity in a dose-dependent manner. At 60 says survival in RCS rats, near normal functional measurements were observed. Long term data did not reveal gross or microscopic evidence of tumor formation after transplantation, suggesting that the cell line can be used as safe and inexhaustible source of RPE for retinal degenerative diseases treatment. In the safety assessment done with NIH III mice, the formation of teratoma and retention of pigmentation was observed among the safety study group mice, i.e. NIH III mice. In contrast, in the RCS rat transplant study, no evidence off teratoma or uncontrolled cell proliferation was found. Conclusions: The authors represented that the long-term safety and efficacy of hESC derived RPE cells can be used for human clinical trials, under the manufacturing conditions these have been produced. In order to confirm the functionality of these cells, the dose response was also evaluated besides the long term efficacy of the cell line. The study showed that hESC-derived RPE cells in immune-deficient animal represent a long-term function and safety in two animal models, highlighting its potential use in clinical therapies for specific macular degenerative diseases. Limitations: A requirement for identifying whether some kinds of immunosuppression is needed, during the use of cells in clinical settings was there, which has not been explored by the author. Reflection: In this current article, author provided significant information and evidence for the usage of hESCs as clinically potential cell line for treating macular degenerative diseases. The article has been published in 2009 and it has been used in other further research in this domain, which represents its potentiality in research field Reference List Lu, B., Malcuit, C., Wang, S., Girman, S., Francis, P., Lemieux, L., Lanza, R. and Lund, R., 2009. Long?term safety and function of RPE from human embryonic stem cells in preclinical models of macular degeneration.Stem cells,27(9), pp.2126-2135. Schwartz, S.D., Regillo, C.D., Lam, B.L., Eliott, D., Rosenfeld, P.J., Gregori, N.Z., Hubschman, J.P., Davis, J.L., Heilwell, G., Spirn, M. and Maguire, J., 2015. Human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium in patients with age-related macular degeneration and Stargardt's macular dystrophy: follow-up of two open-label phase 1/2 studies.The Lancet,385(9967), pp.509-516.

The Meech Lake Accord Negotiations

Spices Kill Some Bacteria and Have Other Benefits

Spices Kill Some Bacteria and Have Other Benefits In the hopes of finding ways to control pathogens in food, researchers have discovered that spices kill bacteria. Several studies have indicated that common spices, such as garlic, clove, and cinnamon, may be particularly effective against certain strains of E. coli bacteria. Spices Kill Bacteria In a Kansas State University study, scientists tested more than 23 spices in three scenarios: an artificial laboratory medium,  uncooked hamburger meat, and uncooked salami. Initial results indicated that clove had the highest inhibitory effect on the E. coli in the hamburger while garlic had the highest inhibitory effect in the laboratory medium. But what about taste? Scientists admitted that finding the right mix between the taste of the food and the amounts of spices necessary to inhibit the pathogens was problematic. The amounts of the spices used ranged from a low of one percent to a high of ten percent. Researchers hope to further study these interactions and perhaps develop recommendations for spice  levels both for manufacturers and consumers. Scientists also cautioned that the use of spices is not a substitute for the proper handling of food. While the spices used were able to greatly curtail the amounts of E. coli in the meat products, they did not eliminate the pathogen entirely, thus the necessity of proper cooking methods. Meats should be cooked to approximately 160 degrees Fahrenheit and until the juices run clear. Counters and other items that come in contact with uncooked meat should be thoroughly washed, preferably with soap, hot water, and a light bleach solution. Cinnamon Kills Bacteria Cinnamon is such a flavorful and seemingly innocuous spice. Who would ever think that it could be deadly? Researchers at Kansas State University have also discovered that cinnamon kills Escherichia coli O157:H7 bacteria. In the studies, apple juice samples were tainted with approximately one million E. coli O157:H7 bacteria. About a teaspoon of cinnamon was added and the concoction was left to stand for three days. When researchers tested the juice samples it was discovered that 99.5 percent of the bacteria had been destroyed. It was also discovered that if common preservatives such as sodium benzoate or potassium sorbate were added to the mixture, the levels of remaining bacteria were almost undetectable. Researchers believe that these studies demonstrate that cinnamon can be effectively used to control bacteria in unpasteurized juices and may one day replace preservatives in foods. They are hopeful that cinnamon may be as effective in controlling other pathogens that cause food-borne illness such as Salmonella and Campylobacter. Previous studies have shown that cinnamon can also control microbes in meat. It is most effective, however, against pathogens in liquids. In liquids, the pathogens cannot be absorbed by fats (as they are in meat) and thus are easier to destroy. Currently, the best way to protect against E. coli infection is to take preventative measures. This includes avoiding both unpasteurized juices and milk, cooking raw meats to an internal temperature of 160 degrees Fahrenheit, and washing your hands after handling raw meat. Spices and Other Health Benefits Adding certain spices to your food can also have positive metabolic benefits. Spices such as rosemary, oregano, cinnamon, turmeric, black pepper, cloves, garlic powder, and paprika increase antioxidant activity in the blood and decrease insulin response. In addition, Penn State researchers found that adding these types of spices to meals high in fat decreases triglyceride response by about 30 percent. High triglyceride levels are associated with heart disease. In the study, the researchers compared the effects of eating high-fat foods with spices added to that of high-fat foods without spices. The group that consumed the spicy food had lower insulin and triglyceride responses to their meal. Along with the positive health benefits of consuming the meals with spices, the participants reported no negative gastrointestinal problems. The researchers contend that antioxidant spices like the ones in the study could be used to reduce oxidative stress. Oxidative stress has been linked to the development of chronic disease such as arthritis, heart disease, and diabetes. For additional information, see: Cinnamon Is Lethal Weapon Against E. Coli O157:H7Antioxidant Spices Reduce Negative Effects of High-Fat Meal

Game Play Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Game Play Project - Essay Example Markers or crayons, yarn, buttons, and glue-sticks are materials that are cheap and are a great way to decorate the puppets without creating a mess. There are many available designs that workers can teach the young patients which can be viewed on Enhantedlearning.com. After designing the puppets, the worker and the children can develop a dialogue about their specific puppet such as their name and basic characteristics. Workers can prompt the children with questions such as â€Å"What’s your puppets name? What’s the puppet’s favorite food, activity, etc? Does the puppet have any brothers and sisters?† Finally, the children can create a story whether through improvisation or writing out a scene and act out the story using their puppets. This activity does not have any major safety risks that need to be addressed. As long as the adult/worker has prepared the yarn before hand, there is no need to bring scissors or any other risky material into the patient†™s environment. The puppet activity can be modified for children as young as four or five and as old as nine or ten.